What is IgG Kappa band?
The most common type of myeloma is IgG kappa. In IgG kappa myeloma, the myeloma cells produce an immunoglobulin made from two IgG heavy chains bound to two kappa light chains. About 15% of patients have light chain myeloma. In this type of myeloma, the myeloma cells secrete only light chain protein and no heavy chains.
What is an abnormal protein band?
When an abnormal band on either a serum or a urine electrophoresis pattern suggests the presence of a single type of immunoglobulin (monoclonal), immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) or immunosubtraction electrophoresis can be used as follow-up tests to further identify abnormal proteins.
What does it mean when your Kappa Lambda ratio is high?
In general, a low kappa-lambda ratio (< 0.26) indicates the overproduction of lambda light chains, and a high ratio (> 1.65) indicates the overproduction of kappa light chains.
What is a paraprotein band?
A paraprotein is a monoclonal immunoglobulin or immunoglobulin light chain (Bence Jones protein) present in the blood or urine and arising from clonal proliferation of mature B‐cells, most commonly plasma cells or B‐lymphocytes. Alternative terms include monoclonal protein or M‐band.
What is lambda myeloma?
In IgD myeloma, the light chain is lambda and the patients often present with a protein electrophoretic pattern showing a normal or a hypogammaglobulinemic pattern. All these features make IgD myeloma to be similar to lambda light chain myeloma. 9. Multiple myeloma is usually restricted to bone and bone marrow.
What is IgM Lambda Paraprotein?
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) paraproteinaemias comprise 15–20% of monoclonal proteins but pose unique clinical challenges. IgM paraproteins are more commonly associated with lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma than multiple myeloma and can occur in a variety of other mature B-cell neoplasms.
